////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Copyright (C) 1999-2024 The Octave Project Developers
//
// See the file COPYRIGHT.md in the top-level directory of this
// distribution or <https://octave.org/copyright/>.
//
// This file is part of Octave.
//
// Octave is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
// under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// Octave is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
// WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with Octave; see the file COPYING.  If not, see
// <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#if defined (HAVE_CONFIG_H)
#  include "config.h"
#endif

#include <istream>
#include <ostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>

#include "Array-util.h"
#include "byte-swap.h"
#include "lo-utils.h"
#include "quit.h"
#include "oct-locbuf.h"

#include "builtin-defun-decls.h"
#include "defun.h"
#include "error.h"
#include "mxarray.h"
#include "ov-cell.h"
#include "ovl.h"
#include "oct-hdf5.h"
#include "unwind-prot.h"
#include "utils.h"
#include "ov-base-mat.h"
#include "ov-base-mat.cc"
#include "ov-fcn-handle.h"
#include "ov-re-mat.h"
#include "ov-scalar.h"
#include "pr-output.h"
#include "ov-scalar.h"
#include "errwarn.h"

#include "ls-oct-text.h"
#include "ls-oct-binary.h"
#include "ls-hdf5.h"
#include "ls-utils.h"

// Cell is able to handle octave_value indexing by itself, so just forward
// everything.

template <>
octave_value
octave_base_matrix<Cell>::do_index_op (const octave_value_list& idx,
                                       bool resize_ok)
{
  return m_matrix.index (idx, resize_ok);
}

template <>
void
octave_base_matrix<Cell>::assign (const octave_value_list& idx, const Cell& rhs)
{
  m_matrix.assign (idx, rhs);
}

template <>
void
octave_base_matrix<Cell>::assign (const octave_value_list& idx,
                                  octave_value rhs)
{
  // FIXME: Really?
  if (rhs.iscell ())
    m_matrix.assign (idx, rhs.cell_value ());
  else
    m_matrix.assign (idx, Cell (rhs));
}

template <>
void
octave_base_matrix<Cell>::delete_elements (const octave_value_list& idx)
{
  m_matrix.delete_elements (idx);
}

// FIXME: this list of specializations is becoming so long that we should
// really ask whether octave_cell should inherit from octave_base_matrix at all.

template <>
std::string
octave_base_matrix<Cell>::edit_display (const float_display_format&,
                                        octave_idx_type i,
                                        octave_idx_type j) const
{
  octave_value val = m_matrix(i, j);

  std::string tname = val.type_name ();
  dim_vector dv = val.dims ();
  std::string dimstr = dv.str ();
  return "[" + dimstr + " " + tname + "]";
}

template <>
octave_value
octave_base_matrix<Cell>::fast_elem_extract (octave_idx_type n) const
{
  if (n < m_matrix.numel ())
    return Cell (m_matrix(n));
  else
    return octave_value ();
}

template <>
bool
octave_base_matrix<Cell>::fast_elem_insert (octave_idx_type n,
    const octave_value& x)
{
  const octave_cell *xrep = dynamic_cast<const octave_cell *> (&x.get_rep ());

  bool retval = xrep && xrep->m_matrix.numel () == 1 && n < m_matrix.numel ();
  if (retval)
    m_matrix(n) = xrep->m_matrix(0);

  return retval;
}

template class octave_base_matrix<Cell>;

DEFINE_OV_TYPEID_FUNCTIONS_AND_DATA (octave_cell, "cell", "cell");

void
octave_cell::break_closure_cycles (const std::shared_ptr<octave::stack_frame>& frame)
{
  for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < m_matrix.numel (); i++)
    m_matrix(i).break_closure_cycles (frame);
}

octave_value_list
octave_cell::simple_subsref (char type, octave_value_list& idx, int)
{
  octave_value_list retval;

  switch (type)
    {
    case '(':
      retval(0) = do_index_op (idx);
      break;

    case '{':
      {
        if (idx.empty ())
          error ("invalid empty index expression {}, use {:} instead");

        octave_value tmp = do_index_op (idx);

        Cell tcell = tmp.cell_value ();

        if (tcell.numel () == 1)
          retval(0) = tcell(0, 0);
        else
          {
            // Return a comma-separated list.
            retval = octave_value (octave_value_list (tcell));
          }
      }
      break;

    case '.':
      {
        std::string nm = type_name ();
        error ("%s cannot be indexed with %c", nm.c_str (), type);
      }
      break;

    default:
      panic_impossible ();
    }

  return retval;
}

octave_value_list
octave_cell::subsref (const std::string& type,
                      const std::list<octave_value_list>& idx,
                      int nargout)
{
  octave_value_list retval;

  switch (type[0])
    {
    case '(':
      retval(0) = do_index_op (idx.front ());
      break;

    case '{':
      {
        if (idx.front ().empty ())
          error ("invalid empty index expression {}, use {:} instead");

        octave_value tmp = do_index_op (idx.front ());

        Cell tcell = tmp.cell_value ();

        if (tcell.numel () == 1)
          retval(0) = tcell(0, 0);
        else
          {
            // Return a comma-separated list.
            retval = octave_value (octave_value_list (tcell));
          }
      }
      break;

    case '.':
      {
        std::string nm = type_name ();
        error ("%s cannot be indexed with %c", nm.c_str (), type[0]);
      }
      break;

    default:
      panic_impossible ();
    }

  // FIXME: perhaps there should be an
  // octave_value_list::next_subsref member function?  See also
  // octave_user_function::subsref.

  if (idx.size () > 1)
    retval = retval(0).next_subsref (nargout, type, idx);

  return retval;
}

octave_value
octave_cell::subsref (const std::string& type,
                      const std::list<octave_value_list>& idx,
                      bool auto_add)
{
  octave_value retval;

  switch (type[0])
    {
    case '(':
      retval = do_index_op (idx.front (), auto_add);
      break;

    case '{':
      {
        octave_value tmp = do_index_op (idx.front (), auto_add);

        const Cell tcell = tmp.cell_value ();

        if (tcell.numel () == 1)
          retval = tcell(0, 0);
        else
          {
            // Return a comma-separated list.
            retval = octave_value (octave_value_list (tcell));
          }
      }
      break;

    case '.':
      {
        std::string nm = type_name ();
        error ("%s cannot be indexed with %c", nm.c_str (), type[0]);
      }
      break;

    default:
      panic_impossible ();
    }

  // FIXME: perhaps there should be an
  // octave_value_list::next_subsref member function?  See also
  // octave_user_function::subsref.

  if (idx.size () > 1)
    retval = retval.next_subsref (auto_add, type, idx);

  return retval;
}

octave_value
octave_cell::subsasgn (const std::string& type,
                       const std::list<octave_value_list>& idx,
                       const octave_value& rhs)
{
  octave_value retval;

  int n = type.length ();

  octave_value t_rhs = rhs;

  clear_cellstr_cache ();

  if (idx.front ().empty ())
    error ("missing index in indexed assignment");

  if (n > 1)
    {
      switch (type[0])
        {
        case '(':
          {
            if (isempty () && type[1] == '.')
              {
                // Allow conversion of empty cell array to some other
                // type in cases like
                //
                //  x = {}; x(i).f = rhs

                octave_value tmp = octave_value::empty_conv (type, rhs);

                return tmp.subsasgn (type, idx, rhs);
              }
            else
              {
                octave_value tmp = do_index_op (idx.front (), true);

                if (! tmp.is_defined ())
                  tmp = octave_value::empty_conv (type.substr (1), rhs);

                std::list<octave_value_list> next_idx (idx);

                next_idx.erase (next_idx.begin ());

                tmp.make_unique ();

                t_rhs = tmp.subsasgn (type.substr (1), next_idx, rhs);
              }
          }
          break;

        case '{':
          {
            m_matrix.make_unique ();
            Cell tmpc = m_matrix.index (idx.front (), true);

            std::list<octave_value_list> next_idx (idx);

            next_idx.erase (next_idx.begin ());

            std::string next_type = type.substr (1);

            if (tmpc.numel () != 1)
              err_indexed_cs_list ();

            octave_value tmp = tmpc(0);
            tmpc = Cell ();

            if (! tmp.is_defined () || tmp.is_zero_by_zero ())
              {
                tmp = octave_value::empty_conv (type.substr (1), rhs);
                tmp.make_unique (); // probably a no-op.
              }
            else
              // optimization: ignore copy still stored inside array.
              tmp.make_unique (1);

            t_rhs = tmp.subsasgn (next_type, next_idx, rhs);
          }
          break;

        case '.':
          {
            if (! isempty ())
              {
                std::string nm = type_name ();
                error ("%s cannot be indexed with %c", nm.c_str (), type[0]);
              }

            // Do nothing; the next branch will handle it.
          }
          break;

        default:
          panic_impossible ();
        }
    }

  switch (type[0])
    {
    case '(':
      {
        octave_value_list i = idx.front ();

        if (t_rhs.iscell ())
          octave_base_matrix<Cell>::assign (i, t_rhs.cell_value ());
        else if (t_rhs.isnull ())
          octave_base_matrix<Cell>::delete_elements (i);
        else
          octave_base_matrix<Cell>::assign (i, Cell (t_rhs));

        m_count++;
        retval = octave_value (this);
      }
      break;

    case '{':
      {
        octave_value_list idxf = idx.front ();

        if (t_rhs.is_cs_list ())
          {
            Cell tmp_cell = Cell (t_rhs.list_value ());

            // Inquire the proper shape of the RHS.

            dim_vector didx = dims ().redim (idxf.length ());
            for (octave_idx_type k = 0; k < idxf.length (); k++)
              if (! idxf(k).is_magic_colon ()) didx(k) = idxf(k).numel ();

            if (didx.numel () == tmp_cell.numel ())
              tmp_cell = tmp_cell.reshape (didx);

            octave_base_matrix<Cell>::assign (idxf, tmp_cell);
          }
        else if (idxf.all_scalars ()
                 || do_index_op (idxf, true).numel () == 1)
          // Regularize a null matrix if stored into a cell.
          octave_base_matrix<Cell>::assign (idxf,
                                            Cell (t_rhs.storable_value ()));
        else
          err_nonbraced_cs_list_assignment ();

        m_count++;
        retval = octave_value (this);
      }
      break;

    case '.':
      {
        if (! isempty ())
          {
            std::string nm = type_name ();
            error ("%s cannot be indexed with %c", nm.c_str (), type[0]);
          }

        // Allow conversion of empty cell array to some other
        // type in cases like
        //
        //  x = {}; x.f = rhs

        octave_value tmp = octave_value::empty_conv (type, rhs);

        return tmp.subsasgn (type, idx, rhs);
      }
      break;

    default:
      panic_impossible ();
    }

  return retval;
}

bool
octave_cell::iscellstr () const
{
  bool retval;
  if (m_cellstr_cache.get ())
    retval = true;
  else
    {
      retval = m_matrix.iscellstr ();
      // Allocate empty cache to mark that this is indeed a cellstr.
      if (retval)
        m_cellstr_cache.reset (new Array<std::string> ());
    }

  return retval;
}

void
octave_cell::assign (const octave_value_list& idx, const Cell& rhs)
{
  clear_cellstr_cache ();
  octave_base_matrix<Cell>::assign (idx, rhs);
}

void
octave_cell::assign (const octave_value_list& idx, const octave_value& rhs)
{
  clear_cellstr_cache ();
  octave_base_matrix<Cell>::assign (idx, rhs);
}

void
octave_cell::delete_elements (const octave_value_list& idx)
{
  clear_cellstr_cache ();
  octave_base_matrix<Cell>::delete_elements (idx);
}

std::size_t
octave_cell::byte_size () const
{
  std::size_t retval = 0;

  for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < numel (); i++)
    retval += m_matrix(i).byte_size ();

  return retval;
}

octave_value
octave_cell::sort (octave_idx_type dim, sortmode mode) const
{
  octave_value retval;

  if (! iscellstr ())
    error ("sort: only cell arrays of character strings may be sorted");

  Array<std::string> tmp = cellstr_value ();

  tmp = tmp.sort (dim, mode);

  // We already have the cache.
  retval = new octave_cell (tmp);

  return retval;
}

octave_value
octave_cell::sort (Array<octave_idx_type>& sidx, octave_idx_type dim,
                   sortmode mode) const
{
  octave_value retval;

  if (! iscellstr ())
    error ("sort: only cell arrays of character strings may be sorted");

  Array<std::string> tmp = cellstr_value ();

  tmp = tmp.sort (sidx, dim, mode);

  // We already have the cache.
  retval = new octave_cell (tmp);

  return retval;
}

sortmode
octave_cell::issorted (sortmode mode) const
{
  sortmode retval = UNSORTED;

  if (! iscellstr ())
    error ("issorted: A is not a cell array of strings");

  Array<std::string> tmp = cellstr_value ();

  retval = tmp.issorted (mode);

  return retval;
}

Array<octave_idx_type>
octave_cell::sort_rows_idx (sortmode mode) const
{
  Array<octave_idx_type> retval;

  if (! iscellstr ())
    error ("sortrows: only cell arrays of character strings may be sorted");

  Array<std::string> tmp = cellstr_value ();

  retval = tmp.sort_rows_idx (mode);

  return retval;
}

sortmode
octave_cell::is_sorted_rows (sortmode mode) const
{
  sortmode retval = UNSORTED;

  if (! iscellstr ())
    error ("issorted: A is not a cell array of strings");

  Array<std::string> tmp = cellstr_value ();

  retval = tmp.is_sorted_rows (mode);

  return retval;
}

bool
octave_cell::is_true () const
{
  error ("invalid conversion from cell array to logical value");
}

octave_value_list
octave_cell::list_value () const
{
  return octave_value_list (m_matrix);
}

string_vector
octave_cell::string_vector_value (bool pad) const
{
  string_vector retval;

  octave_idx_type nel = numel ();

  int n_elts = 0;

  octave_idx_type max_len = 0;

  std::queue<string_vector> strvec_queue;

  for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < nel; i++)
    {
      string_vector s = m_matrix(i).string_vector_value ();

      octave_idx_type s_len = s.numel ();

      n_elts += s_len ? s_len : 1;

      octave_idx_type s_max_len = s.max_length ();

      if (s_max_len > max_len)
        max_len = s_max_len;

      strvec_queue.push (s);
    }

  retval = string_vector (n_elts);

  octave_idx_type k = 0;

  for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < nel; i++)
    {
      const string_vector s = strvec_queue.front ();
      strvec_queue.pop ();

      octave_idx_type s_len = s.numel ();

      if (s_len)
        {
          for (octave_idx_type j = 0; j < s_len; j++)
            {
              std::string t = s[j];
              int t_len = t.length ();

              if (pad && max_len > t_len)
                t += std::string (max_len - t_len, ' ');

              retval[k++] = t;
            }
        }
      else if (pad)
        retval[k++] = std::string (max_len, ' ');
      else
        retval[k++] = "";
    }

  return retval;
}

Array<std::string>
octave_cell::cellstr_value () const
{
  if (! iscellstr ())
    error ("invalid conversion from cell array to array of strings");

  if (m_cellstr_cache->isempty ())
    *m_cellstr_cache = m_matrix.cellstr_value ();

  return *m_cellstr_cache;
}

bool
octave_cell::print_as_scalar () const
{
  return true;
}

void
octave_cell::print (std::ostream& os, bool)
{
  print_raw (os);
}

void
octave_cell::print_raw (std::ostream& os, bool) const
{
  int nd = m_matrix.ndims ();

  if (nd == 2)
    {
      octave_idx_type nr = rows ();
      octave_idx_type nc = columns ();

      if (nr > 0 && nc > 0)
        {
          indent (os);
          os << '{';
          newline (os);

          increment_indent_level ();

          for (octave_idx_type j = 0; j < nc; j++)
            {
              for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < nr; i++)
                {
                  octave_quit ();

                  std::ostringstream buf;
                  buf << '[' << i+1 << ',' << j+1 << ']';

                  octave_value val = m_matrix(i, j);

                  val.print_with_name (os, buf.str ());
                }
            }

          decrement_indent_level ();

          indent (os);
          os << '}';
          newline (os);
        }
      else
        {
          indent (os);
          os << "{}";
          if (Vprint_empty_dimensions)
            os << '(' << nr << 'x' << nc << ')';
          newline (os);
        }
    }
  else
    {
      indent (os);
      dim_vector dv = m_matrix.dims ();
      os << '{' << dv.str () << " Cell Array}";
      newline (os);
    }
}

bool
octave_cell::print_name_tag (std::ostream& os, const std::string& name) const
{
  bool retval = false;

  indent (os);

  if (isempty () || ndims () > 2)
    os << name << " = ";
  else
    {
      os << name << " =";
      newline (os);
      retval = true;
    }

  return retval;
}

void
octave_cell::short_disp (std::ostream& os) const
{
  os << (m_matrix.isempty () ? "{}" : "...");
}

#define CELL_ELT_TAG "<cell-element>"

bool
octave_cell::save_ascii (std::ostream& os)
{
  dim_vector dv = dims ();
  if (dv.ndims () > 2)
    {
      os << "# ndims: " << dv.ndims () << "\n";

      for (int i = 0; i < dv.ndims (); i++)
        os << ' ' << dv(i);
      os << "\n";

      Cell tmp = cell_value ();

      for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < dv.numel (); i++)
        {
          octave_value o_val = tmp.elem (i);

          // Recurse to save sub-value.
          bool b = save_text_data (os, o_val, CELL_ELT_TAG, false, 0);

          if (! b)
            return ! os.fail ();
        }
    }
  else
    {
      // Keep this case, rather than use generic code above for backward
      // compatibility.  Makes load_ascii much more complex!!
      os << "# rows: " << rows () << "\n"
         << "# columns: " << columns () << "\n";

      Cell tmp = cell_value ();

      for (octave_idx_type j = 0; j < tmp.cols (); j++)
        {
          for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < tmp.rows (); i++)
            {
              octave_value o_val = tmp.elem (i, j);

              // Recurse to save sub-value.
              bool b = save_text_data (os, o_val, CELL_ELT_TAG, false, 0);

              if (! b)
                return ! os.fail ();
            }

          os << "\n";
        }
    }

  return true;
}

bool
octave_cell::load_ascii (std::istream& is)
{
  clear_cellstr_cache ();

  string_vector keywords(2);

  keywords[0] = "ndims";
  keywords[1] = "rows";

  std::string kw;
  octave_idx_type val = 0;

  if (! extract_keyword (is, keywords, kw, val, true))
    error ("load: failed to extract number of rows and columns");

  if (kw == "ndims")
    {
      int mdims = static_cast<int> (val);

      if (mdims < 0)
        error ("load: failed to extract number of rows and columns");

      dim_vector dv;
      dv.resize (mdims);

      for (int i = 0; i < mdims; i++)
        is >> dv(i);

      Cell tmp(dv);

      for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < dv.numel (); i++)
        {
          octave_value t2;
          bool dummy;

          // recurse to read cell elements
          std::string nm = read_text_data (is, "",
                                           dummy, t2, i);

          if (nm != CELL_ELT_TAG)
            error ("load: cell array element had unexpected name");

          if (is)
            tmp.elem (i) = t2;
        }

      if (! is)
        error ("load: failed to load matrix constant");

      m_matrix = tmp;
    }
  else if (kw == "rows")
    {
      octave_idx_type nr = val;
      octave_idx_type nc = 0;

      if (nr < 0 || ! extract_keyword (is, "columns", nc) || nc < 0)
        error ("load: failed to extract number of rows and columns for cell array");

      if (nr > 0 && nc > 0)
        {
          Cell tmp (nr, nc);

          for (octave_idx_type j = 0; j < nc; j++)
            {
              for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < nr; i++)
                {
                  octave_value t2;
                  bool dummy;

                  // recurse to read cell elements
                  std::string nm = read_text_data (is, "",
                                                   dummy, t2, i);

                  if (nm != CELL_ELT_TAG)
                    error ("load: cell array element had unexpected name");

                  if (is)
                    tmp.elem (i, j) = t2;
                }
            }

          if (! is)
            error ("load: failed to load cell element");

          m_matrix = tmp;
        }
      else if (nr == 0 || nc == 0)
        m_matrix = Cell (nr, nc);
      else
        panic_impossible ();
    }
  else
    panic_impossible ();

  return true;
}

bool
octave_cell::save_binary (std::ostream& os, bool save_as_floats)
{
  dim_vector dv = dims ();
  if (dv.ndims () < 1)
    return false;

  // Use negative value for ndims
  int32_t di = - dv.ndims ();
  os.write (reinterpret_cast<char *> (&di), 4);
  for (int i = 0; i < dv.ndims (); i++)
    {
      di = dv(i);
      os.write (reinterpret_cast<char *> (&di), 4);
    }

  Cell tmp = cell_value ();

  for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < dv.numel (); i++)
    {
      octave_value o_val = tmp.elem (i);

      // Recurse to save sub-value.
      bool b = save_binary_data (os, o_val, CELL_ELT_TAG, "", 0,
                                 save_as_floats);

      if (! b)
        return false;
    }

  return true;
}

bool
octave_cell::load_binary (std::istream& is, bool swap,
                          octave::mach_info::float_format fmt)
{
  clear_cellstr_cache ();

  int32_t mdims;
  if (! is.read (reinterpret_cast<char *> (&mdims), 4))
    return false;
  if (swap)
    swap_bytes<4> (&mdims);
  if (mdims >= 0)
    return false;

  mdims = -mdims;
  int32_t di;
  dim_vector dv;
  dv.resize (mdims);

  for (int i = 0; i < mdims; i++)
    {
      if (! is.read (reinterpret_cast<char *> (&di), 4))
        return false;
      if (swap)
        swap_bytes<4> (&di);
      dv(i) = di;
    }

  // Convert an array with a single dimension to be a row vector.
  // Octave should never write files like this, other software
  // might.

  if (mdims == 1)
    {
      mdims = 2;
      dv.resize (mdims);
      dv(1) = dv(0);
      dv(0) = 1;
    }

  octave_idx_type nel = dv.numel ();
  Cell tmp(dv);

  for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < nel; i++)
    {
      octave_value t2;
      bool dummy;
      std::string doc;

      // recurse to read cell elements
      std::string nm = read_binary_data (is, swap, fmt, "",
                                         dummy, t2, doc);

      if (nm != CELL_ELT_TAG)
        error ("load: cell array element had unexpected name");

      if (is)
        tmp.elem (i) = t2;
    }

  if (! is)
    error ("load: failed to load matrix constant");

  m_matrix = tmp;

  return true;
}

const void *
octave_cell::mex_get_data () const
{
  clear_cellstr_cache ();
  return m_matrix.data ();
}

bool
octave_cell::save_hdf5 (octave_hdf5_id loc_id, const char *name,
                        bool save_as_floats)
{
#if defined (HAVE_HDF5)

  dim_vector dv = dims ();
  int empty = save_hdf5_empty (loc_id, name, dv);
  if (empty)
    return (empty > 0);

  hsize_t rank = dv.ndims ();
  hid_t space_hid, data_hid, size_hid;
  space_hid = data_hid = size_hid = -1;

#if defined (HAVE_HDF5_18)
  data_hid = H5Gcreate (loc_id, name, octave_H5P_DEFAULT, octave_H5P_DEFAULT,
                        octave_H5P_DEFAULT);
#else
  data_hid = H5Gcreate (loc_id, name, 0);
#endif

  if (data_hid < 0)
    return false;

  // Have to save cell array shape, since can't have a
  // dataset of groups....

  space_hid = H5Screate_simple (1, &rank, nullptr);

  if (space_hid < 0)
    {
      H5Gclose (data_hid);
      return false;
    }

  OCTAVE_LOCAL_BUFFER (octave_idx_type, hdims, rank);

  // Octave uses column-major, while HDF5 uses row-major ordering
  for (hsize_t i = 0; i < rank; i++)
    hdims[i] = dv(rank-i-1);

#if defined (HAVE_HDF5_18)
  size_hid = H5Dcreate (data_hid, "dims", H5T_NATIVE_IDX, space_hid,
                        octave_H5P_DEFAULT, octave_H5P_DEFAULT,
                        octave_H5P_DEFAULT);
#else
  size_hid = H5Dcreate (data_hid, "dims", H5T_NATIVE_IDX, space_hid,
                        octave_H5P_DEFAULT);
#endif
  if (size_hid < 0)
    {
      H5Sclose (space_hid);
      H5Gclose (data_hid);
      return false;
    }

  if (H5Dwrite (size_hid, H5T_NATIVE_IDX, octave_H5S_ALL, octave_H5S_ALL,
                octave_H5P_DEFAULT, hdims) < 0)
    {
      H5Dclose (size_hid);
      H5Sclose (space_hid);
      H5Gclose (data_hid);
      return false;
    }

  H5Dclose (size_hid);
  H5Sclose (space_hid);

  // Recursively add each element of the cell to this group.

  Cell tmp = cell_value ();

  octave_idx_type nel = dv.numel ();

  for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < nel; i++)
    {
      std::ostringstream buf;
      int digits = static_cast<int> (std::floor (::log10 (static_cast<double>
                                     (nel)) + 1.0));
      buf << '_' << std::setw (digits) << std::setfill ('0') << i;
      std::string s = buf.str ();

      if (! add_hdf5_data (data_hid, tmp.elem (i), s.c_str (), "", false,
                           save_as_floats))
        {
          H5Gclose (data_hid);
          return false;
        }
    }

  H5Gclose (data_hid);

  return true;

#else
  octave_unused_parameter (loc_id);
  octave_unused_parameter (name);
  octave_unused_parameter (save_as_floats);

  warn_save ("hdf5");

  return false;
#endif
}

bool
octave_cell::load_hdf5 (octave_hdf5_id loc_id, const char *name)
{
  bool retval = false;

#if defined (HAVE_HDF5)

  clear_cellstr_cache ();

  dim_vector dv;
  int empty = load_hdf5_empty (loc_id, name, dv);
  if (empty > 0)
    m_matrix.resize (dv);
  if (empty)
    return (empty > 0);

#if defined (HAVE_HDF5_18)
  hid_t group_id = H5Gopen (loc_id, name, octave_H5P_DEFAULT);
#else
  hid_t group_id = H5Gopen (loc_id, name);
#endif

  if (group_id < 0)
    return false;

#if defined (HAVE_HDF5_18)
  hid_t data_hid = H5Dopen (group_id, "dims", octave_H5P_DEFAULT);
#else
  hid_t data_hid = H5Dopen (group_id, "dims");
#endif
  hid_t space_hid = H5Dget_space (data_hid);
  hsize_t rank = H5Sget_simple_extent_ndims (space_hid);
  if (rank != 1)
    {
      H5Dclose (data_hid);
      H5Gclose (group_id);
      return false;
    }

  OCTAVE_LOCAL_BUFFER (hsize_t, hdims, rank);
  OCTAVE_LOCAL_BUFFER (hsize_t, maxdims, rank);

  H5Sget_simple_extent_dims (space_hid, hdims, maxdims);

  // Octave uses column-major, while HDF5 uses row-major ordering.

  dv.resize (hdims[0]);

  OCTAVE_LOCAL_BUFFER (octave_idx_type, tmp, hdims[0]);

  if (H5Dread (data_hid, H5T_NATIVE_IDX, octave_H5S_ALL, octave_H5S_ALL,
               octave_H5P_DEFAULT, tmp) < 0)
    {
      H5Dclose (data_hid);
      H5Gclose (group_id);
      return false;
    }

  H5Dclose (data_hid);
  H5Gclose (group_id);

  for (hsize_t i = 0, j = hdims[0] - 1; i < hdims[0]; i++, j--)
    dv(j) = tmp[i];

  hdf5_callback_data dsub;

  herr_t retval2 = -1;

  Cell m (dv);

  int current_item = 0;

  hsize_t num_obj = 0;
#if defined (HAVE_HDF5_18)
  group_id = H5Gopen (loc_id, name, octave_H5P_DEFAULT);
#else
  group_id = H5Gopen (loc_id, name);
#endif
  H5Gget_num_objs (group_id, &num_obj);
  H5Gclose (group_id);

  for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < dv.numel (); i++)
    {

      if (current_item >= static_cast<int> (num_obj))
        retval2 = -1;
      else
        retval2 = hdf5_h5g_iterate (loc_id, name, &current_item, &dsub);

      if (retval2 <= 0)
        break;

      octave_value ov = dsub.tc;
      m.elem (i) = ov;

    }

  if (retval2 >= 0)
    {
      m_matrix = m;
      retval = true;
    }

#else
  octave_unused_parameter (loc_id);
  octave_unused_parameter (name);

  warn_load ("hdf5");
#endif

  return retval;
}

OCTAVE_BEGIN_NAMESPACE(octave)

DEFUN (iscell, args, ,
       doc: /* -*- texinfo -*-
@deftypefn {} {@var{tf} =} iscell (@var{x})
Return true if @var{x} is a cell array object.
@seealso{ismatrix, isstruct, iscellstr, isa}
@end deftypefn */)
{
  if (args.length () != 1)
    print_usage ();

  return ovl (args(0).iscell ());
}

DEFUN (cell, args, ,
       doc: /* -*- texinfo -*-
@deftypefn  {} {@var{C} =} cell (@var{n})
@deftypefnx {} {@var{C} =} cell (@var{m}, @var{n})
@deftypefnx {} {@var{C} =} cell (@var{m}, @var{n}, @var{k}, @dots{})
@deftypefnx {} {@var{C} =} cell ([@var{m} @var{n} @dots{}])
Create a new cell array object.

If invoked with a single scalar integer argument, return a square
@nospell{NxN} cell array.  If invoked with two or more scalar integer
arguments, or a vector of integer values, return an array with the given
dimensions.
@seealso{cellstr, mat2cell, num2cell, struct2cell}
@end deftypefn */)
{
  int nargin = args.length ();

  dim_vector dims;

  switch (nargin)
    {
    case 0:
      dims = dim_vector (0, 0);
      break;

    case 1:
      if (args(0).iscell ())
        return args(0);  // shortcut path for input which is already a Cell
      else
        get_dimensions (args(0), "cell", dims);
      break;

    default:
      {
        dims.resize (nargin);

        for (int i = 0; i < nargin; i++)
          dims(i) = (args(i).isempty ()
                     ? 0 : args(i).xidx_type_value ("cell: dimension must be a scalar integer"));
      }
      break;
    }

  dims.chop_trailing_singletons ();

  check_dimensions (dims, "cell");

  return ovl (Cell (dims));
}

/*
## Note: Matlab compatibility requires using 0 for negative dimensions.
%!assert (size (cell (2, -3)), [2, 0])

%!test <*63132>
%! x = {1, 3};
%! y = cell (x);
%! assert (x, y);
%! x = cell (0, 3);
%! y = cell (x);
%! assert (x, y);

## This might work on some system someday, but for now, who has a system
## where a 16 yottabyte array can be allocated?  See bug #50934.
%!error <out of memory> cell (1e24, 1)
*/

DEFUN (iscellstr, args, ,
       doc: /* -*- texinfo -*-
@deftypefn {} {@var{tf} =} iscellstr (@var{cell})
Return true if every element of the cell array @var{cell} is a character
string.
@seealso{ischar, isstring}
@end deftypefn */)
{
  if (args.length () != 1)
    print_usage ();

  return ovl (args(0).iscellstr ());
}

DEFUN (cellstr, args, ,
       doc: /* -*- texinfo -*-
@deftypefn {} {@var{cstr} =} cellstr (@var{strmat})
Create a new cell array object from the elements of the string array
@var{strmat}.

Each row of @var{strmat} becomes an element of @var{cstr}.  Any trailing
spaces in a row are deleted before conversion.

To convert back from a cellstr to a character array use @code{char}.
@seealso{cell, char}
@end deftypefn */)
{
  if (args.length () != 1)
    print_usage ();

  octave_value_list tmp = Fiscellstr (args, 1);

  if (tmp(0).is_true ())
    return ovl (args(0));
  else
    {
      string_vector s = args(0).xstring_vector_value ("cellstr: argument STRING must be a 2-D character array");

      return ovl (s.isempty () ? Cell (octave_value (""))
                               : Cell (s, true));
    }
}

DEFUN (struct2cell, args, ,
       doc: /* -*- texinfo -*-
@deftypefn {} {@var{c} =} struct2cell (@var{s})
Create a new cell array from the objects stored in the struct object.

If @var{f} is the number of fields in the structure, the resulting cell
array will have a dimension vector corresponding to
@code{[@var{f} size(@var{s})]}.  For example:

@example
@group
s = struct ("name", @{"Peter", "Hannah", "Robert"@},
           "age", @{23, 16, 3@});
c = struct2cell (s)
   @result{} c = @{2x1x3 Cell Array@}
c(1,1,:)(:)
   @result{}
      @{
        [1,1] = Peter
        [2,1] = Hannah
        [3,1] = Robert
      @}
c(2,1,:)(:)
   @result{}
      @{
        [1,1] = 23
        [2,1] = 16
        [3,1] = 3
      @}
@end group
@end example

@seealso{cell2struct, namedargs2cell, fieldnames}
@end deftypefn */)
{
  if (args.length () != 1)
    print_usage ();

  const octave_map m = args(0).xmap_value ("struct2cell: argument S must be a structure");

  const dim_vector m_dv = m.dims ();

  octave_idx_type num_fields = m.nfields ();

  // The resulting dim_vector should have dimensions:
  // [numel(fields) size(struct)]
  // except if the struct is a column vector.

  dim_vector result_dv;
  if (m_dv(m_dv.ndims () - 1) == 1)
    result_dv.resize (m_dv.ndims ());
  else
    result_dv.resize (m_dv.ndims () + 1); // Add 1 for the fields.

  result_dv(0) = num_fields;

  for (int i = 1; i < result_dv.ndims (); i++)
    result_dv(i) = m_dv(i-1);

  Cell c (result_dv);

  octave_idx_type n_elts = m.numel ();

  // Fill c in one sweep.  Note that thanks to octave_map structure,
  // we don't need a key lookup at all.
  for (octave_idx_type j = 0; j < n_elts; j++)
    for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < num_fields; i++)
      c.xelem (i, j) = m.contents(i)(j);

  return ovl (c);
}

/*
%!test
%! keys = cellstr (char (floor (rand (11,10)*24+65)))';
%! vals = cellfun (@(x) mat2cell (rand (19,1), ones (19,1), 1), ...
%!          mat2cell ([1:11]', ones (11,1), 1), "uniformoutput", false)';
%! s = struct ([keys; vals]{:});
%! t = cell2struct ([vals{:}], keys, 2);
%! assert (s, t);
%! assert (struct2cell (s), [vals{:}]');
%! assert (fieldnames (s), keys');
*/

OCTAVE_END_NAMESPACE(octave)

mxArray *
octave_cell::as_mxArray (bool interleaved) const
{
  mxArray *retval = new mxArray (interleaved, dims ());

  mxArray **elts = static_cast<mxArray **> (retval->get_data ());

  mwSize nel = numel ();

  const octave_value *p = m_matrix.data ();

  for (mwIndex i = 0; i < nel; i++)
    elts[i] = new mxArray (interleaved, p[i]);

  return retval;
}

octave_value
octave_cell::map (unary_mapper_t umap) const
{
  switch (umap)
    {
#define FORWARD_MAPPER(UMAP)                  \
    case umap_ ## UMAP:                       \
      return m_matrix.UMAP ()

      FORWARD_MAPPER (xisalnum);
      FORWARD_MAPPER (xisalpha);
      FORWARD_MAPPER (xisascii);
      FORWARD_MAPPER (xiscntrl);
      FORWARD_MAPPER (xisdigit);
      FORWARD_MAPPER (xisgraph);
      FORWARD_MAPPER (xislower);
      FORWARD_MAPPER (xisprint);
      FORWARD_MAPPER (xispunct);
      FORWARD_MAPPER (xisspace);
      FORWARD_MAPPER (xisupper);
      FORWARD_MAPPER (xisxdigit);
      FORWARD_MAPPER (xtolower);
      FORWARD_MAPPER (xtoupper);

    default:
      return octave_base_value::map (umap);
    }
}
